BSNL’s inability to bill Reliance Jio for shared telecom infrastructure between 2016 and 2020 has resulted in a loss of ₹1,757 crore to the government according to India’s Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG). The study draws attention to financial governance and documentation flaws in BSNL. Reliance Jio responded by saying that no outstanding debt exists since all payments were received in line with mutual agreements. The episode highlights the need of better control, official contracts, and open billing policies to protect public sector earnings in India’s changing telecom scene as well as questions responsibility in public-private telecom alliances.