The Power Of Urdu Poetry
By Justice Katju
The power of Urdu poetry was strikingly illustrated in a matter in which I had a hand, This was the case of Gopal Das, decided by a bench of the Supreme Court consisting of myself and Justice Gyansudha Mishra on 14.3.2011 ( see Gopal Das thru Anand Vir vs. Union of India online ).
Gopal Das was an Indian government employee who was arrested in July 1984 by the Pakistan Border Security Force when he crossed the Indian border and entered Pakistan. He was accused of being a spy and tried under the Pakistan Official Secrets Act, by a Pakistan Field General Court Martial by Pakistan army authorities, and awarded life sentence on 27.12.1986, which sentence was confirmed by a higher authority. When the writ petition , filed by his brother, Anand Vir, came up before our bench in the Supreme Court he had spent almost 27 years in various Pakistani jails.
In the petition it was alleged that the Indian Government was not doing enough to secure Gopal Das’ release. The Indian Government denied this allegation, and mentioned the various steps it had taken in this connection, but to no avail.
We pointed out to the petitioner’s counsel that we had no jurisdiction over Pakistan authorities. Our jurisdiction extended only over the territory of India. Gopal Das was imprisoned in a Pakistani, not Indian, jail. Therefore we could not issue any direction to the Pakistan authorities.
We would have dismissed the writ petition on this short ground, but then a thought occurred to me. While we could not issue a direction to the Pakistan authorities, there was no bar in issuing an appeal to them.
This appeal, however, had to be couched in a very polite and persuasive manner, for the Pakistan authorities were not bound to accept it.
I have always been a lover of Urdu poetry, and so I began the judgment with a sher (couplet) from the well known poem, ‘Gulon mein rang bhare baad-e-naubahaar chale’ by the great Urdu poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz, whose birth centenary was being celebrated all over the world in 2011 (when we heard the case).
I have always been a fan of Faiz Saheb. In 1981 Faiz Saheb had visited Allahabad, when I was a lawyer in the Allahabad High Court. A function was organized in his honour in the Allahabad University lawns. There was a massive crowd, and a galaxy of poets, including Firaq Gorakhpuri, Mahadevi Verma, etc. I took my son Vikram, who was only 6 years old then, to the function. I knew Vikram would not understand anything as he was too young, but in later life he could say that he had actually seen Faiz Saheb and Firaq Saheb. In that function the Allahabad University girls sang ‘Gulon mein rang bhare baad-e-naubahaar chale’. I have heard that song often, but I have never heard it sung in such a beautiful manner as it was sung that memorable evening by the Allahabad University girls.
Coming back to Gopal Das’ case, I knew I had to make a very persuasive yet powerful appeal to the Pakistan President Asif Zardari, and the Pakistan Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani
So I began the judgment by quoting the second sher in that poem :
” Qafas udaas hai yaaron saba se kuch to kaho
kaheen to beher-e-khuda aaj zikr-e-yaar chale”.
( Qafas means cage or prison, saba means the morning breeze, beher-e-khuda means for God’s sake, zikr-e-yaar means mention of one’s beloved ).
I also quoted Portia’s famous speech on mercy in Shakespeare’s ‘Merchant of Venice’ I then issued an appeal to the Pakistan President and Prime Minister for release of Gopal Das. I directed the Solicitor General of India, Gopal Subramaniam, who was appearing for the Union of India to forthwith send a copy of our order to the Pakistan High Commissioner in Delhi, Mr. Shahid Malik.
Mr. Malik is himself a great lover of Urdu poetry, and I used to meet him often in mushairas in Delhi. I telephonically informed him about our order, and requested him to send the judgment to the Pakistan authorities. He said he will do so in the first diplomatic pouch.
That was all we could do in the matter, and then I forgot about the case.
It was a very pleasant surprise when I read in the newspapers a few days thereafter that the Pakistan Government had declared that they would honour the appeal of the Indian Supreme Court, and release Gopal Das, which they did soon thereafter.
This was absolutely unprecedented. Never before had our Supreme Court (or perhaps any other Supreme Court in the world) issued such an appeal, and never before had such an appeal been so honoured !
My own guess is that the Urdu couplet of Faiz had such a powerful impact on the Pakistan President and Prime Minister that it resulted in the decision to release Gopal Das.
The couplet is very tender and heart rendering, and perhaps Faiz Saheb was describing his own emotions when he was in jail in connection with the Rawalpindi Conspiracy Case, in which he was accused. I think it was that sher which released Gopal Das, not our order.
