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Usually religion has played a reactionary role in history, and that is why it was called the ‘opium of the masses’, which brainwashed people into accepting the oppressive rule of their rulers ( as that was said to be ordained by God ).
However, in certain exceptional circumstances it has played a progressive role, and a striking example of this is the role it has played in the recent developments in Iran.
The late Shah of Iran, Raza Pahlavi, was a tyrannical despot, and a US puppet, who helped the Americans loot the natural resources of Iran ( principally its huge oil reserves ). The only way he could be overthrown was by the religious movement led by the Shia cleric Ayatollah Khomeini, which succeeded in 1979.
While other governments of middle east countries were, and are, US puppets, loyally allowing the US to build military bases in their countries, and allowing Western countries to take away their oil reserves and other natural resources for a pittance, Iran, under Ayatollah Khomeini and his successor Ayatollah Khameini, refused to do so, or surrender its independence. That is the real reason why the forces of the US, and its loyal lackey and retainer Israel, attacked Iran on 28th February 2026.
The Americans thought they could score a quick victory over Iran, effect a regime change, and install a pro-US regime which would allow them to take away Iran’s huge oil reserves. But that has failed, the Iranians have refused to surrender, and the war has dragged on for almost 7 weeks, with no end in sight.
How was it possible for a relatively underdeveloped country to face the might of the most highly developed nation with the most powerful military force in the world ?
No doubt Iran was provided help by powerful countries like China and Russia, as were the Vietnamese in their fight against America. But that is only part of the answer, not the full answer.
Just as the Vietnamese were united in their war against America under their great leader Ho Chi Minh, and were determined never to surrender no matter how many casualties they had to take, and no matter what sacrifices were required of them, so also are the Iranians so resolved in the current war, under their clerical leaders, late Ayatollah Ali Khameini and his son Ayatollah Mojtaba Khameini.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Khamenei
The Ayatollahs are renowned for their piety and simplicity, and are highly respected. None of Ayatollah Khameini’s 4 sons owned a house, and they lived in rented houses.
Despite being the Supreme Leaders they consulted several non clerical experts in matters of defence, science, foreign affairs, etc and usually follow their advice. And they are determined never to surrender before the US-Israeli forces, no matter what the cost.
Apart from that, Shia Muslims ( and most Iranians are Shias ), by the example set by Imam Husain in Karbala in 680 AD, are taught since childhood that it is better to lose one’s neck rather than bow one’s neck before a tyrant ( like Yazid ). They are reminded of this every year on the day of Ashura.
https://indicanews.com/why-iran-will-win-the-war
https://www.hastakshepnews.com/2026/03/why-iran-will-win-war-justice-markandey.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashura
Thus it can be seen that in Iran religion is playing a progressive, rather than a reactionary role ( as it usually does ), and the country, under the leadership of Ayatollah Mojtaba Khameini, will never surrender
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojtaba_Khamenei
